watermatters

• pH of the Body, Water & the Food We Eat (Part 1)

  Wednesday, October 19th, 2016

  Hardly a day goes by at watermatters™ without someone asking for a device to make ‘alkaline’ water. Usually, when asked why they want to make their water ‘alkaline’, the response is something like ‘because I want to drink healthy water’ or ‘because diseases like cancer can’t survive in an alkaline environment’. These responses represent commonly held but inaccurate assumptions.
  This four-part article series is my attempt to clarify this misunderstood subject of ‘pH balance’ and ‘making the body alkaline’.
  Let’s start with the first three of eighteen clarifications, and some background info about acids, bases, and pH. A base is an alkaline substance.

  • Clarification 1: There is not one ideal ‘pH of the body’. There are many.
  • Clarification 2: Our pH balance is rhythmic, not static.
  • Clarification 3: Acids are essential. They are not the enemy.

  Part 1: pH and the Alkaline/Acid Dynamic

  Acids & Bases are Equally Essential to Life.

  Acids and bases are opposite sides of the same coin, as conjoined as day and night, male and female, inhalation and exhalation. They are equally essential to Life.

  Acid/base chemistry is based on the interplay between H+ and OH- in the presence of water.
  Notice that H+ and OH- combine to make water (H₂0).
  This is a reversible process.
  H₂O molecules can donate H+ and OH- to other water molecules and to other substances.
  This interplay is fundamental to virtually all living systems and one of the reasons why water is the medium, means and mother of life.

  H+ is the chemical symbol for hydrogen ions. [A lone hydrogen ion is a proton.]
  OH- is the symbol for hydroxide ions.

  An ion is defined as an electrically charged atom or group of atoms.

  pH is about Hydrogen Ions.                                                                      

  pH is a scale which indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in an aqueous solution.
  Acids have a surplus of H+ (hydrogen ions) which they donate.
  Bases (alkaline substances) lack hydrogen ions. They accept H+ (hydrogen ions) and donate OH- (hydroxide ions) of which they have a surplus.

  On a scale of 0 to 14, pH below 7 is exponentially more acidic as it approaches zero, and pH above 7 is exponentially more alkaline as it increases toward 14.
  pH 7 is neutral, representing an equal concentration of H+ and OH- ions.

  ‘Pure’ water is neutral (pH 7) at 25° centigrade. However, water is rarely ‘pure’ in nature because water has a remarkable ability to dissolve other substances. H+ and OH- ions in water are constantly changing partners as the H₂0 components of water interact with each other and with everything else.

  When an acid substance is dissolved in water, the balance between the H+ and OH- shifts. There is now more H+ than OH- in the solution. The solution becomes acidic.

  When a base (alkaline substance) is dissolved in water, the balance between H+ and OH- shifts in the opposite direction. The alkaline substance attracts H+ from the water. The solution then becomes more alkaline because it has less H+ remaining in solution.

  The ‘p’ in pH stands for the ‘potential’ or ‘power’ of hydrogen, depending on who you are talking to. Those who use ‘potential’ are referring to the electrical ‘potential’ required to register a state change. Those who use ‘power’ are referring to a mathematical power. Either way, it works out to about the same numbers on the pH scale. You might wonder why the pH number gets smaller as the concentration of hydrogen ions gets bigger. The reason is because the pH scale is based on a negative logarithmic concentration of H+. 2

  pH and the Body

  The body is largely made up of water in the form of various types of bodily fluids. The pH levels of those fluids are tightly regulated by the body to maintain essential life processes. Organs, blood, cells, proteins and enzymes require fluid environments with specific, yet dynamic, pH ranges which must remain relatively constant for those systems to function properly.

  There is currently a popular assumption that mistakes the slightly alkaline pH required for the blood and extracellular fluid to be the optimal pH of the entire body. The body is a complex organism involving layers of interrelated systems requiring appropriate ranges of pH to maintain the specific functions of each system.

  As soon as any substance enters your mouth, bicarbonates adjust the pH of the saliva preparing the substance for delivery to the stomach (pH 1.5 – 4.0) where very strong acids kill foreign bacteria and enable the digestion process. Alkaline secretions from the pancreas neutralize this acidity before the contents of the stomach move on into the duodenum (pH 7.0 – 8.5) where nutrient absorption occurs. Waste passes to the colon (pH 4.0 – 7.0) for excretion.

  Here are the approximate pH levels required by various body parts:
  Blood	7.4
  Extracellular fluids	7.4
  Intracellular fluids	6.8
  Skin	5.5
  Saliva	6.5 – 7.5
  Sinuses	6.5
  Stomach	1.5 – 4.0
  Chyme	2.0
  Bile	7.0 – 8.0
  Duodenum	7.0 – 8.5
  Small intestine	4.0 – 7.0
  Large intestine	4.0 – 7.0
  Urine is a waste product. Consequently, its pH will vary according to what the body needs to eliminate.

  
  pH is Dynamic and Rhythmic

  Although tightly controlled, the pH levels within the body are not static. There is a natural acid/alkaline tide which swings in sync with your circadian rhythm (response to hours of light and darkness). Your life force, immunity and reparative cycles are dependent upon this natural momentum. More about this important daily rhythm in Part Two of this article series.

  Acids are Not the Enemy. They Supply the Fuel of Life.

  ‘Acidity’ has been mistakenly given a bad reputation, as though it must be avoided. However, life does not happen without acids. Acids donate hydrogen ions. Our energy comes from the hydrogen supplied by acids digested from the food we eat. Hydrogen fuels life.

  A surplus of acid in some part of the body may be the natural response to, not the cause of, a problem as the body attempts to supply more hydrogen ions to correct an imbalance.

  Acids Defend the Body The parts of your body that come in contact with the outside world have an acid pH. Acids help keep the pathogens that enter your body under control.Skin: pH 5.5 Mouth: pH 6.3 (average fluctuating pH for oral cavity) Stomach: pH 1.5 – 4.0 Large intestine: pH 4.0 – 7.0 Sinuses: pH 6.5 Vagina: pH 3.8 – 4.5

  End of Part One

  About Part Two of This Article:

  There are strongly held and highly charged opinions about the importance of making oneself more ‘alkaline’. Part Two of this article will address some highly contentious issues which may be met with strong disagreement from some parties. However, I believe science backs up the points that will be made in Part Two which are outlined in the following clarifications:

  • Clarification 4: Your Lungs, Kidneys and Buffering Agents Maintain Your pH Levels, Not Your Diet.
  •  Clarification 5: Abnormal pH is a Symptom, Not the Cause, of Disease.
  • Clarification 6: Acid-Forming Foods Do Not Cause Acidosis.
  • Clarification 7: The pH of Urine is Not the pH of the Body.
  • Clarification 8: Candida Thrives in an Alkaline Environment.
  • Clarification 9: Cancer Cells Have a Neutral to Alkaline Internal pH.
  • Clarification 10: Cancer Cells Produce Acidity, Not the Reverse.

  See Part 2, Part 3 & Part 4 of this 4-part article series entitled ‘pH of the Body, Water and the Food We Eat’.

  References for Part One:

  1. http://cultureofchemistry.fieldofscience.com/2010/03/chemical-urban-legends-ph.html
  2. https://www.ysi.com/ysi-blog/water-blogged-blog/2015/02/why-is-the-ph-scale-logarithmic

  Disclaimer:

  The information in this article is for information purposes only. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. It should not be construed as personal medical advice or instruction. No action should be taken based solely on the contents of this article. Readers should consult appropriate health professionals on any matter relating to their health and well-being. The information and opinions provided here are believed to be accurate and sound, based on the best judgment available to the authors, but readers who fail to consult appropriate health authorities assume the risk of any injuries. The publisher is not responsible for errors or omissions.

  Posted in Water and Health

• Hydrogen: What’s the difference between H, H2, H+, H- and OH- ?

  Sunday, December 27th, 2015

  Distinguishing between these different forms of Hydrogen can be confusing to those of us who flunked high school chemistry. Here is an attempt at clarification.

  H = Atomic Hydrogen
  Atomic hydrogen is number 1 on the Periodic Table of Elements. It consists of one proton and one unpaired electron which means that it is a free radical.
  However an atom of hydrogen rarely exists on its own because its unpaired electron eagerly seeks to join up with another electron.

  The molecular form of hydrogen is more common.

  H₂ = Molecular Hydrogen

  H₂ is a gas which forms when two hydrogen atoms bond together and become a hydrogen molecule. H2 is also called molecular hydrogen.It consists of two protons and two electrons. Consequently it is the most common form of Hydrogen because it is stable with a neutral charge. H2 is not a free radical. It is the antioxidant in ‘hydrogen-rich’ water.

  H2 is the smallest molecule in the universe. That means it can go where nothing else can …including into your mitochondria which are the powerhouses of your cells. Hydrogen gas cannot be kept in plastic because it will pass right through the walls of the container.

  H⁺ = Proton

  When the Hydrogen atom loses an electron all that is left is a proton. It becomes the positively charged hydrogen ion known as H⁺. This is the form of Hydrogen that produces the ATP enzyme that powers our cells and mitochondria.

  The H⁺ hydrogen ion is the basis of the pH scale.

  H:^– = Hydride

  Hydride is a hydrogen atom which has an extra electron. This means that it is a negatively charged ion, or anion. That is why Hydride ion (H-) has the minus sign distinguishing it from a regular Hydrogen atom (H). The two dots after the H means that this ion has two electrons instead of just one. The extra electron means that H- is not a free radical however it is not stable because this form of hydrogen is a very strong base (extremely alkaline) which reacts with water to produce hydroxide (OH^–and molecular hydrogen (H₂).

                                                         H:^– + H₂O –> H₂O + OH^–

  Hydride (H:^– ) also reacts with metals to form chemical compounds which are reducing agents.

  OH^– = Hydroxide ion

  Hydroxide (OH–) is also known as the hydroxyl ion. When water dissociates or comes apart into its component parts it forms OH^– (hydroxide ions) and H₃O⁺ (hydronium ions).
                                                         2H₂O ⇆ OH^– and H₃O⁺

  This reaction is reversible. The hydroxide ion also reacts with the hydronium ion (H3O+) to become two water molecules.

  The Hydroxide ion (OH^– ) is a base (alkaline). The Hydroxide ion is not a free radical or an antioxidant. Dissolved molecular hydrogen gas (H2) is the antioxidant in ‘hydrogen-rich’ water.

  Hydroxide (OH^–) is sometimes confused with the hydroxyl radical (OH^•). The dot to the upper right of the OH indicates an unpaired electron which means that Hydroxyl is a free radical, actually one of the most reactive oxygen radicals. Hydroxide and Hydroxl are two entirely different species. It is important to not confuse them.

  H₃O⁺ = Hydronium ion

  A water molecule (H₂0) plus a hydrogen ion (H⁺) becomes a hydronium ion (H₃O⁺). The H⁺ ion is a lone proton with a powerful charge. It does not exist on its own in an aqueous solution because it is immediately attracted to the unshared electrons in the oxygen atom of H₂O. The result is Hydronium (H₃O⁺). This process is reversible. Two water molecules can disassociate to form hydronium plus hydroxide.
  2H₂O ⇆ OH^– and H₃O⁺
  Experiments indicate that the proton (H⁺) is very promiscuous. It changes from one H₂O partner to another many times per second creating a new H₃O⁺ ion as it moves.

  pH = Potential of Hydrogen
  
  pH stands for potential of Hydrogen and is actually a measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Water breaks down (dissociates) into protons (H⁺) and hydroxides (OH^–). This reaction is reversible.

                                                         H₂O ⇆ H⁺ and OH^–
  2H₂O ⇆ OH^– and H₃O⁺

  pH indicates whether water is acidic, neutral, or alkaline. More H⁺ = more acidic. Less H⁺ = more alkaline.

  Because H+ immediately associates with H₂O to form H₃O⁺ (Hydronium), pH can also be said to be a measurement of the concentration of H₃O⁺ in a solution.

  The pH scale is logarithmic. Increasing by 1 on the pH scale results in a 10 times decrease in the hydronium ion concentration and increasing by 3 on the pH scale results in a 1,000 times decrease in the hydronium ion concentration.
  

  Posted in Water Treatment Guide

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